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The subalpine warbler (''Sylvia cantillans'') is a small typical warbler which breeds in the southernmost areas of Europe and northwest Africa. This small passerine bird is migratory, and winters along the southern edge of the Sahara. It occurs as a vagrant well away from the breeding range, in both spring and autumn as far north as Great Britain. Like most ''Sylvia'' species, it has distinct male and female plumages. The adult male has a grey back and head, brick-red underparts, and white malar streaks ("moustaches"). The female is mainly brown above, with a greyer head, and whitish below with a pink flush. The subalpine warbler's song is fast and rattling, and is similar to the lesser whitethroat. This bird seems to be related to the Sardinian warbler-Menetries' warbler superspecies. They all have white malar areas, the heads being dark above in adult males, and naked eye-rings. These three species are related to a superspecies consisting of Rüppell's warbler and the Cyprus warbler, which also share the white malar area with blackish above.(Shirihai et al. 2001,〔Phylogeny and biogeography of the genus ''Sylvia'', pp. 24 – 30 in: Shirihai, Hadoram, Gabriel Gargallo and Andrea J. Helbig (2001) ''Sylvia warblers: Identification, taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Sylvia''Helm Identification Guides ISBN 0-7136-3984-9〕 Jønsson & Fjeldså 2006 〔Jønsson, Knud A. & Fjeldså, Jon (2006): A phylogenetic supertree of oscine passerine birds (Aves: Passeri). ''Zool. Scripta'' 35(2): 149–186. (HTML abstract)〕) The subalpine warbler is divided into two distinct subspecies groups, which may possibly be sufficiently diverged to qualify as two separate species (Shirihai et al. 2001).〔 The two groups have differing male plumages, distinctive calls, and are allopatric; further study is needed. Moltoni's warbler was formerly considered conspecific. These groups are as follows (areas given below are breeding ranges; all forms winter in Africa): * Western subalpine warbler – subspecies ''cantillans'', found in north-west and peninsular Italy, Sicily, southern France and Iberia, and ''inornata'' found in north-west Africa * Eastern subalpine warbler – subspecies ''albistriata'', found from north-east Italy southeastwards to southern Turkey Eastern subalpine warbler differs from the nominate race by its deeper blue-grey upperparts, a blackish mask on the lores and ear-coverts, brick reddish-brown coloration confined to the throat and breast and sharply demarcated from a largely white belly, paler flanks and a wider white submoustachial stripe.〔Duquet, Marc and Amine Flitti (2007) Éléments d'identification de la Fauvette passerinette orientale (cantillans albistriata ) ''Ornithos'' Vol. 14, no. 3, pages 164 – 171 (in French)〕 This is a bird of dry open country, often on hill slopes, with bushes for nesting. The nest is built in low shrub or gorse, and 3–5 eggs are laid. Like most "warblers", it is insectivorous, but will also take berries. ==References== ==Further reading== * * * 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Subalpine warbler」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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